Determination of Itinerary Planning for Multiple Agents in Wireless Sensor Networks

The mobile agent is a new technology in wireless sensor networks that outperforms the traditional client/server architecture in terms of energy consumption, end to end delay and packet delivery ratio. Single mobile agent will not be efficient for large scale networks. Therefore, the use of multiple mobile agents will be an excellent solution to resolve the problem of the task duration especially for this kind of networks. The itinerary planning of mobile agents represents the main challenge to achieve the trade-off between energy consumption and end to end delay. In this article we present a new algorithm named Optimal Multi-Agents Itinerary Planning (OMIP). The source nodes are grouped into clusters and the sink sends a mobile agent to the cluster head of every cluster; which migrates between source nodes, collects and aggregates data before returning to the sink. The results of the simulations testify the efficiency of our algorithm against the existing algorithms of multi-agent itinerary planning. The performance gain is evident in terms of energy consumption, accumulated hop count and end to end delay of the tasks in the network

Routing and Clustering of Sensor Nodes in the Honeycomb Architecture

Energy is the most valuable resource in wireless sensor networks; this resource is limited and much in demand during routing and communication between sensor nodes. Hierarchy structuring of the network into clusters allows reducing the energy consumption by using small distance transmissions within clusters in a multihop manner. In this article, we choose to use a hybrid routing protocol named Efficient Honeycomb Clustering Algorithm (EHCA), which is at the same time hierarchical and geographical protocol by using honeycomb clustering. This kind of clustering guarantees the balancing of the energy consumption through changing in each round the location of the cluster head, which is in a given vertex of the honeycomb cluster. The combination of geographical and hierarchical routing with the use of honeycomb clustering has proved its efficiency; the performances of our protocol outperform the existing protocols in terms of the number of nodes alive, the latency of data delivery, and the percentage of successful data delivery to the sinks. The simulations testify the superiority of our protocol against the existing geographical and hierarchical protocols

Vernacular architecture en algeria “M’zab” = Arquitectura vernacula en argelia “M’zab”

Abstract The present work focuses on the bioclimatic aspect in vernacular construction through a study of the traditional architecture of M’zab. The question posed is how this architecture could be useful and what techniques and strategies are adopted to result in such energy performance in a delicate area of its climate? Can we adopt the same principles to build a contemporary building as energetically efficient? It is a question of studying the solutions proposed in this architecture. To achieve this goal, we will look the characteristics of the M’Zab area, and what tools and approaches are being mobilized to ensure thermal comfort without the help of technology. Resumen El presente trabajo se centra en el aspecto bioclimático en la construcción vernácula a través de un estudio de la arquitectura tradicional de M’zab. La pregunta planteada es cómo esta arquitectura podría ser útil y qué técnicas y estrategias están adaptadas para dar como resultado un rendimiento energético tan delicado en un área delicada de su clima. ¿podemos adoptar los mismos principios para construir un edificio contemporáneo como energéticamente eficiente? Se trata de estudiar las soluciones propuestas en esta arquitectura. Para lograr este objetivo, veremos las características del área de M’Zab, y qué herramientas y enfoques se están movilizando para asegurar el confort térmico sin la ayuda de la tecnologí

Helicobacter pylori and Biliary Tract Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

Background. Helicobacter pylori is detected in various extragastric diseases, including biliary tract cancers. Besides, gallbladder cancers, extracholangiocarcinomas, and intracholangiocarcinomas are highly lethal cancers with limited survival due to their late diagnosis. Epidemiological data on Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary tract cancer have been contradictory. Aim. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the association between the Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary tract cancer. Materials and Methods. Systematic literature research was carried out to identify all eligible articles. All relevant publications from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved using comprehensive combinations of keywords. We used a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for odds ratio were also calculated. Quantitative assessment of heterogeneity was explored by the chi-square test and was measured using I2. Results. Thirteen case-control studies published between 2001 and 2018 were included. The overall meta-analysis favoured a significant association between Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary tract cancer (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.35–4.91; I2 = 58%). Geographic distribution-based subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of H. pylori in Asian and North American countries. Evidence supporting the higher presence of Helicobacter pylori in a cancer group was found by PCR. In another subgroup, the ORs were 4.18 (2.03, 8.58) in cholangiocarcinoma, 1.36 (0.34, 5.44) in gallbladder cancer, and 5.93 (1.89, 18.63) in other biliary tract cancers. Conclusion. This meta-analysis suggests that infection of the biliary tract with Helicobacter pylori is related to an increased risk of biliary tract cancers

Tumeur du sac endolymphatique au niveau du rocher: à propos d’un cas

La tumeur du sac endolymphatique est une tumeur neuroectodermique rare dérivée de l’oreille interne qui possède un faible potentiel de malignité mais avec un pouvoir d’agressivité locale très marqué sans notion de métastase. Il s’agit d’un patient de 60 ans qui a présenté des signes d’appel en faveur d’une atteinte de l’oreille interne accompagné de symptômes en faveur d’une atteinte de l’angle ponto cérébelleux. L’examen radiologique par IRM a montré un processus lésionnel envahissant la mastoïde et l’os temporal. L’examen anatomopathologique confirme la nature tumorale en précisant le type histologique par une étude immunohistochimique en retenant le diagnostic de tumeur sporadique du sac endolymphatique. Cette tumeur peut arriver à n’importe quel âge avec une moyenne de 52 ans pour les cas sporadiques. Sur le plan histologique on distingue deux entités: papillaire et folliculaire. Il faut éliminer les autres diagnostiques différentiels surtout les métastases du carcinome thyroïdien. La difficulté de la résection chirurgicale de ces tumeurs est due à leur vascularisation et à leur infiltration dans les os et les méninges. L'excision complète est la meilleure garantie contre la récidive tumorale

Elaboration and Characterization of a Biochar from Wastewater Sludge and Olive Mill Wastewater

The objective of this study is to valorize two waste products which, until now, caused major problems concerning their management and impacts on the environment and health. This study concerns the sludge of the wastewater treatment station of the city of Fez-Morocco and the olive mill wastewater, which are produced, respectively, in quantities of around 51,100 t/year and 514,350 m3/year, by pyrolysis for the production of biochar. The obtained biochar was characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The results show that the biochar is close to neutrality and is characterized by an important organic and mineral load; further, it is endowed with a porous surface, which could facilitate the adsorption of different polluting substances, composed mainly by micropores. It is mainly composed of alcohol, phenol, carboxyl and phenyl groups, as well as other mineral elements including silica and calcite. The composition, structure and morphology of the biochar thus prepared recommend its use in various fields, such as the treatment of pollutants, organic amendment, the reinforcement of polymers and as a secondary building material

Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and warning indicators: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Abstract The awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contributes to the complications and fatality rates from these diseases among individuals; however, no previous study in Syria was conducted on this topic; thus, this study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of CVDs warning symptoms and risk factors. This online cross-sectional study was performed in Syria between the 1st and 25th of August 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over 18 who currently reside in Syria. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions to assess the awareness of CVDs. A total of 1201 participants enrolled in the study with a response rate of 97.2%; more than half of the participants (61.4%) were aged 18–24. The most recognizable risk factors and warning signs when asking close-ended and open-ended questions were smoking (95.2%, 37.1%) and chest pain (87.8%, 24.8%), respectively. Overall knowledge scores for risk factors and warning signs were (61.5%). Regarding knowledge score of CVDs risk factors and warning signs, participants aged 45–54 scored higher than other age groups, and respondents with a university education level had a higher score than other educational levels (15.7 ± 0.3), (14.5 ± 0.1), respectively. Participants aged 45–54 have a higher probability of good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than participants aged 18–24 (OR = 4.8, P value < 0.001), while participants living in the countryside were less likely to have good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than city residents (OR = 0.6, P value < 0.05). According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs. Consequently, there is a greater need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk factors and symptoms